Natural immunity
The body is able to protect itself using its own systems. We call these this natural immunity. What the body does to protect and heal us. There are two types of immunity passive and active. Passive immunity is the protective measures we get from another individual such as our parents. active immunity is the defense measures that the body takes to protect itself such as attacking a pathogen.
Primary immunity
In order for pathogens and microbes to enter the body they must get past the body's first lines of defence. The skin is covered in oils that trap pathogens and our mildly acidic sweat dissolves them. We also have mucus lined nostrils and eyes that trap pathogens. If they enter through our mouths they can be swallowed and killed by enzymes in our saliva or dissolved by stomachache acid.But some pathogens can get past all lines of defense. Like pathogens with a hard, undigestible outer coating that protects them. What happens to the microbes that get inside us?
Secondary immunity (Active immunity)
1- Once a pathogen enters the body, the body detects the intruder and activates the immune system. The immune system calls the B-cells to create antibodies to fight the pathogens. The body can also identify it by its proteins called antigens. the body calls a special cell called a phagocyte, this cell engulfs and consumes the pathogen giving the pathogens antigen to a Helper T cells, a special white blood cell. The helper T cell actives the other immune cells to attack the pathogens using the antigen as an identifier. Afterwards memory cells are created if the same deference is needed again.
2- A pathogen can also be identified by special proteins. when the body detects a forien body, proteins are sent and attach to the pathogen making markers on the pathogen that helps antibodies to identify them as a harmful microbe. the proteins will also identify any infected cells and mark them to be destroyed.
Passive immunity
Passive immunity occurs wen we acquire things like antibodies from our mothers during pregnancy. We get them from another individual our bodies did not produce them.